Unit+Two

= =

= = = = =Unit Two=

Key Terms:
===1. [|Neolin]- Dejected European goods and practices and had a following of hundreds of Indians who wanted to live in the previous way before dependency on Europeans took place. Do you think Neolins outfit is for everyday wear? Why or why not?===

"Neolin." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/192.jpg>.]

2. [|Pontiac's Rebellion]- Ottawa chief Pontiac led a rebellion which killed almost 2,000 settlers to a show of a rejection of dependency on European goods.


Pontiacs Rebellion." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.irwinator.com/126/5-7.jpg>.]

3. [|Proclamation of 1763]- A law from England that declared settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains illegal.
===4. [|Sugar Act] of 1764- The English government placed a high import tax on foreign sugar and molasses. Do you think there is any signficance with the carriage being a rum barel?===

"Sugar Act." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/d/dd/350px-Gorman.jpg>.] ===5. [|Stamp Act] of 1765- Placed a tax on an paper that would have printed matierial on it. For example, legal documents, playing cards, advertisements, and even diplomas.=== media type="youtube" key="xZWZy9LDlQc&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"Improv Slide Show: the Stamp Act." __You Tube__. 29 July 2006. 3 Dec. 2007 . ===6. [|Sons of Liberty]- Groups of artisians, lawyers, merchants, and politicians who formed committees to protest the Stamp Act. Do you think that the Sons of Liberty were rightfully portrayed being this violent?===

"Sons of Liberty." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.mce.k12tn.net/revolutionary_war/sonsofliberty.gif>.] ===7. [|Stamp Act Congress]-In October, 1765 delegates from nine colonies formed the Stamp Act Congress. They petitioned the king and Parliament, making note of their rights and complaints. On March 18, 1766, King George signed the repeal of the Stamp Act. Why does the political cartoon show the words, " No Stamp Act" on a teapot?===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.oneapril.com/images/tea_pot.jpg>.] ===8. [|Declaratory Act] of 1766- This act gave Parliament full power and authority to make any laws in regards to the colonies. This also established that the dispute that the arguement over taxes was not resolved. [|Read the Act!]===

9. [|Townshend Acts] of 1767- This act placed an import tax on common items. For example, tea, lead, glass, and dyes for paint and cloth.
media type="youtube" key="yAdDh_3759U&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"Mr. Bighead- Tensions Between the Colonists and the British." __You Tube__. 06 Nov. 2006. 3 Dec. 2007 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAdDh_3759U.

===10. [|Quartering Act] of 1765- This act required all colonists to provide money to house and supply the British troops, when ordered. [|Read the Act!]===

===11. [|Boston Massacre]- In March 5, 1770 an angry mob gathered outside of the customs house to protest the taxes when a soldiers gun went off and the mobsters started firing. Three colonists were killed and the Sons of Liberty Leader, Samuel Adams declared a protest on British aggression. Do you think the British soldiers were right in protecting the customs house?===

[[image:boston_massacre.jpg]]
"Boston Massacre." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/images/2cris2378b.jpg>.] ===12. [|Tea Act] of 1773- Parliament allowed the East India Company to sell tea directly to the merchants for a low price, which angered the colonists because they were afraid of a tea monopoly.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.boston-tea-party.org/images/manuscript.jpg>.] ===13. [|Boston Tea Party]- ON December 16, 1773 colonists angry at the Governor for not sending back a ship full of tea back ton England, dressed as Native Americans and dumped 342 chests of tea into water of Boston Harbor.===

media type="youtube" key="ofYmhlclqr4&rel=1" height="355" width="425"
"School House Rocks- No More Kings." __You Tube__. 09 Aug. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

===14. [|First] and [|Second] Continental Congress- In 1774 the First Continental Congress met to discuss their grievences towards England. The wrote a Declaration of Resolves expressing their loyalty to the British crown, but stressed that as British citzens, they too, had rights. During the 2nd Continental Congress they established George Washington as the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army, which was also created out of the milita to protect American interests. What do the different sections of the snake represent?===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.teachnet.ie/jheffernan/2005/images/Joinordie.jpg>.]

===15. //Common Sense-// Written by Thomas Paine trying to convince the common people of the colonies to vote for independence from the British crown. He wrote in plain terms as a way to reach the common people and discussed his oppostion of authority by the British. [|Read what Paine wrote!]===

===16. [|Declaration of Independence]- A group of men met with Thomas Jefferson as the actual writer to draft a document declaring Independence from Britain. They outlined the wrongs the King George III committee against the colonies as well as listed the basic principles for a representative government. On July 4th, 1776 Congress adopted this document.===

media type="youtube" key="Q_TXJRZ4CFc&rel=1" height="355" width="425"
"The Preamble." __You Tube__. 06 Feb. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

===17.[|Guerrilla Warfare]- A tactic in battle in which the oppostition tries to wear down the enemy with hit-and-run battles. Listen to the sound clip: - what do you think the sound of the gunshot signifies?=== media type="file" key="MUSKET.wav"

===18. [|Battle of Trenton]- Washington surprised the Hessian army by crossing the Deleware River on Christmas night. They surrendered and over 1400 Hessians were killed or taken prisoner while the Americans only lost 5 soldiers.===

"The Battle Starts Now...or Else!!!" 3 Dec. 2007 .

19. [|Battle of Saratoga]- British General "Gentleman Johnny" Burgoyne was forced to surrender his troops at the Hudson River October 17, 1777.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.britishbattles.com/images/saratoga/gentleman-jonnie-l.jpg>.]

===20. [|Battle of Yorktown]- The British were surrounded by French and American troops and forced Cornwallis to surrender and give up their weapons.===

"The Battle of York Town 1781." __British Battles.Com__. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

===21. [|Treaty of Paris]- After the surrender at Yorktown, the British signed the treaty on September 3, 1783 which ave the United States independence and all of the land from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River and from the Great Lakes to Flordia.===

1. [|Samuel Adams]- He was the leader of the Boston Sons of Liberty and was the leader of the Boston Tea Party.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/BRGPOD/187234~Samuel-Adams-Posters.jpg>.]

===2. [|John Adams]- The second President of the United States who defended the British soliders after the Boston Masacre. Also the cousin of Samuel Adams.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.visitingdc.com/images/john-adams-picture.jpg>.]

3. [|Minute Men]- Members of the milita created during the Second Continental Congress.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.britishbattles.com/tim-reese/american-revolution/minutemen.jpg>.]

4. [|Patriots]- Colonists who supported American Independence.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.storyboardtoys.com/store/American-Patriots-L.jpg>.]

5. [|Paul Revere]- The famous midnight rider who warned the colonists that, "The British are Coming!"
media type="youtube" key="dFRWBJCZVLs&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"The Britsh are Coming!" __You Tube__. 19 Oct. 2006. 3 Dec. 2007 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFRWBJCZVLs.

===6. [|George Washington]- The first President of the United States and the commander of the Continental Army. [|Take the Whitehouse quiz!]===

===7. [|Patrick Henry]- A strong supporter of American independence and gave a stirring speech in 1775 where he argued that there was no way to reason with the British ending his stirring speech with the now famous phrase, "Give me liberty, or give me death!".=== media type="youtube" key="iEOets_L7vg&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"Patrick Henry- Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death!" __You Tube__. 26 Mar. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

8. [|Loyalists]- Otherwise known as the "tories" they supported the British rule in the colonies.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.geocities.com/best_pupil/britainflag.JPG>.]

===9. [|Richard Henry Lee]- During the Second Continental Congress, Lee drafted a resolution which stated that the colonies should be free of British rule. However, before his resolution was voted upon, Congress drafted the Declaration of Independence.===

"Richard Henry Lee." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.historicaldocuments.com/RichardHenryLee.jpg>.]

===10. [|Abagail Adams]- Wife of John Adams who opposed slavery and asked her husband to include the rights of women when creating the Constitution. He simply laughed at her. [|Read some of the letters Abigal wrote to her husband!]===

11. [|Charles Cornwallis]- The British field commander who was defeated at the Battle of Trenton.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.earlyamerica.com/portraits/images/corwallis.jpg>.]

===12. [|Marquis de Lafayette]- A 19 year old French noblemen who became an American citizen to fight against the French. He impressed Washington so much, Lafayette served on his cabinet when he became President.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.americanrevolution.com/MarquisdeLafayettelg.jpg>.]

1. [|Depression]- A sharp drop in business activity paired with rising unemployment. What do the different sides of the scale represent?


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2004/june2004/june04lebx25x1.jpg>.]

===2. [|Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom-]In 1779 Thomas Jefferson authored this saying that the human mind was created free and it would be tyrannical for the government to try to control a man's religious beliefs and practices. [|Read the transcript!]===

===3. [|Articles of Confederation]- Adopted in 1777, these articles stated that while each state was a member of the Confederation they were guaranteed to have supreme powers over their own affairs (or sovereignty).=== media type="youtube" key="h10eSXRFsTM&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"The Articles of Confederation: Before the Constitution." __You Tube__. 03 July 2006. 3 Dec. 2007 .

===4. [|Northwest Ordinance]- In 1787, this act set up a system for governing the Northwest Territory and guaranteed settlers civil rights and banned slavery in the territory. How do you think the majority of America felt when this much land was to be slavery-free?===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.micourthistory.org/images/newsletters/Fall%202005/nwterritorymap18052.GIF>.]

===5. [|Shay's Rebellion]- On December 26, 1786 Daniel Shays and 1,200 farmers went to seize the federal arsenal because they were angered at the unfair taxes. They were unsuccessful at gaining the arsenal, but it caused the people to doubt the government's ability to deal with civil unrest. As a result the government demanded for a central Confederation to be created.=== media type="youtube" key="_lDjF0tZqmw&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"Shay's Rebellion." __You Tube__. 30 Nov. 2006. 3 Dec. 2007 .

6. Federalism- A divison of powers between a strong central government and the state governments.


3 Dec. 2007 http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/Federalism_cake600g50.gif.

7. Bicameral- "Two Houses" Our legislature is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives.
The blue are nations with bicameral legislatures while the orange represents nations with unicameral legislatures and the purple means no legislature at all.

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/1/12/400px-Unibicameral_Map.png>.]

===8. [|Tariffs]- Taxes on imports and exports.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/tariff.gif>.]

9. Electors- Delegates selected by state governments to vote for the President and Vice President.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.west-norfolk.gov.uk/images/election.GIF>.]

===10. [|Constitutional Convention]- Seeing that the Articles of Confederation were too weak, Congress created the Constitutional Convention where all the leaders met in complete secrecy on May 14, 1787 to discuss what should be done. Washington felt so strongly about keeping what was said a secret that he yelled this during the Convention when notes were dropped to the floor:=== " Gentleman, I am sorry to find that some one member of the body has been so neglectful of the secrets of the Convention as to drop in the State House a copy of their proceedings...I know not whose paper it is, but there it is, let im who owns it take it."

===11. [|Virginia Plan]- This plan drafted by Edmund Randolph was for the benefit of states with a large population because it gave the power to the state government.===

===12. [|Great Compromise]- Granted each state- no matter the population, equal representation in the upper house (Senate) and representation based on popluation in the lower house (House of Representatives).===

Cassutto, George. "The Compromise of the Century." __Cyberlearning-World.Com__. 3 Dec. 2007 .

===13. [|Three-Fifths Compromise]- Only three-fifths of a state's slave population would count in determining its represenation.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade8/ss/images/26graphicaa.gif>.]

===14. [|Federalists]- Wanted the Constitution to be ratified. Why do you think this picture shows the camaraderie among the men?===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.james.com/beaumont/images/smith_melancton1.jpg>.]

===15. [|Antifederalists]- Opposed the Constitution because they feared a strong central government. After looking at the political cartoon, what you do think "The Looking Glass" means?===



3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/images/enan_0001_0001_0_img0021.jpg>.]

===16. //[|The Federalist]-// A series of 85 essays written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison published in newspapers trying to presuade people to vote for the ratification of the Constitution//.//===

===17. Delegated Powers- Rights that are explicitly divided between the federal and state governments and stated in the Constitution. This includes that rights to coin money and regulate trade with foreign nations and among the states. Does this shed a positive light on the US government?===



3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://praxeology.net/gadz.jpg>.]

19. Concurrent Powers- Powers that are jointly held by the federal and state governments. This includes borrowing money, and providing for the public welfare if our citizens.


"Concurrent Powers." 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.strategictransitions.com/images/powers.gif>.]

21. Separation of Powers- Prevents any of the three branches from becomming too powerful.
media type="youtube" key="X5I2KFENjS8&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"School House Rock- Three-Ring Government." __You Tube__. 04 Sept. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

22. Checks and Balances- A system in which each branch has the authority to restrain the powers of the other two branches.
===23. Impeachment- A restricition on presidential authority. The House of Representatives much charge the president with a crime of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdeameanors. The Senate then tries the president and if found guilty, is removed from office. President Andew Johnson and Bill Clinton have been the only two found guilty of impeachment in the House of Representatives.===

"Aids Research." __VisitingDC.Com__. 3 Dec. 2007 .

24. Veto- The power the President has to reject a bill.
media type="youtube" key="mEJL2Uuv-oQ&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

25. Override- Congress has the power of overrule a veto by the President with a 2/3 majority vote in Congress.
===26. Elastic Clause- The power granted to Congress to make laws necessary to continue the governing of the US. Basically, the government has the ability to stretch the Constitution to fit changing times.===

Key People:
===1. [|John Locke]- An English philiospher who believed that all people were born with the rights of life, liberty, and property, or, natural rights. He also came up with the theory that it was the governments responsibilty to protect these rights.===

3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/locke-john-3.jpg>.]

===2. [|Benjamin Franklin]- Supported a confederation for the states. He was an inventor of the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, the printing press, and the Franklin stove. He also published //Poor Richards Almanack// where he created popular phrases such as, "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."=== media type="youtube" key="4GDxChJ4NFc&rel=1" height="355" width="425"

"How Ben Franklin Printed the Constitution." __You Tube__. 05 June 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

3. [|Daniel Shays]- Leader of the Shays's Rebellion.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/dfg/amrv/Shays.jpg>.]

4. [|James Madison]- One day to be president of the United States who helped write the Constitution.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/aa/madison/aa_madison_subj_e.jpg>.]

5. [|Edmund Randolph]- Drafted the Virginia Plan.


3 Dec. 2007 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/images/photo35.jpg.

6. [|Roger Sherman]-Drafted the Great Compromise.


3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.geocities.com/peterroberts.geo/Relig-Politics/RSherman.jpg>.]

Chapter Six: A Strong Start for the Nation
==**Key Terms: 1. [|Cabinet]- Advisor's appointed by the President to head the various Federal Departments such as the War Departmeny, and the Treasury Department.**==

==**2. [|Capitalism]- Economic system in which private businesses run most industries, and competetion determines how much goods cost and what the workers are paid. [|Take the Capitalism Tour!!]**==

==**3. [|Bill of Rights]- The first ten amendments which list the rights of American citizens. Do you these figures represent the Federalists or Anti-Federalists? Why or why not? 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.cartoonstock.com/lowres/hsc3479l.jpg>.]**==

==**4. [|Bank of the United States]- A national bank in which the federal government had complete control. 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.ushistory.org/tour/gifs/firstbank.jpg>.]**==

==**5. [|Whiskey Rebellion]- Farmers who were angered by the tax on grain gathered up a group of 6,000 men and women in 1794 who intended to march on the capital in Philidelphia. When they heard of the 13,000 troops that Washington dispatched to quell the mob, they dissipated with only 20 rebels caught. "The Whiskey Rebellion." __TTB.Gov__. 3 Dec. 2007 .**==

==**6. Little Turtle- The Miami chief who commanded a group of 1,500 Native American Nations who combined to protect their homes. In 1791, they defeated the U.S. troops which threw the government for a loop. In turn, they led 3,000 soldiers to protect the frontier from the Indians. [|Take a Tour of His Memorial Site!]**==

==**7. [|Battle of Fallen Timbers]- Anthony Wayne led the 3,000 soldiers to fight the confederation of Indians which ended in the defeat of Little Turtle.**==

==**8. [|Treaty of Greenville]- This treaty gave the United States most of the land that made up Ohio and part of Indiana. In exchange, the Indians were given $20,000 worth of goods. **==

**9. Sectionalism- Loyalty to a particular part of the country.**
==**10. [|French Revolution]- In 1789, many French citizens felt that King Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette did not care about the people. They demanded liberty and equality to the upper-class French and stormed the Bastille because it was a royal prision which was a symbol of oppression to the commoners. Many European monarchs were afraid of the revolution thinking that the ideals would be spread to other countries in Europe.**==

**11. Jay's Treaty- The British agreed to stop giving guns to Indians in the Northwest Territory in exchange for the American government to pay back debts owed to Britain.**
==**12. Pickney's Treaty- This recognized the southern boundary of the United States with Spanish Flordia as the 31st parallel while it guaranteed navigation rights on the Mississippi River for the U.S.**== ===13. [|XYZ Affair]- President John Adams printed the demands from three French agents (X, Y, and Z) who demanded reparations from the United States. This caused the Americans to become angry and prepare for war against the French. 14. [|Alien and Sedition Acts]- These acts gave the government permission to deport all aliens who were seen to be a threat to America and punish Americans who said or printed anything false or malicious about the American government. 15. [|Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions]- Stated that the Alien and Sedition acts were unconstitutional. 16. Judicial Review- The power of the courts to delcare an act of Congress unconstitutional. 17. //[|Marbury v. Madison]-// Declared the the Supreme Court was the final interpreter of the Constitution. 18. [|Louisiana Purchase]- Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris in1803 to purchase New Orleans for 10 million dollars. Instead Napoleon sold all of Louisiana for 15 million dollars. media type="youtube" key="twFs9Vk6F0A&rel=1" height="355" width="425" "Schoolhouse Rocks- Elbow Room." __You Tube__. 25 Apr. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 . 19. [|Embargo Act]- This act stopped all shipments of food and other American products to all foreign parts.===

===20. [|Non-Intercourse Act]- Prohibited US trade with Britain and France. 21. [|Battle of Tippecanoe]- Defeated the Indians in 1811 along the Tippecanoe River in Indiana Territory when they rallied against them demanding that the government stop taking their land. 22. [|Battle of the Thames]- The US defeated the British and their Indian allies which broke the British hold on the Northwest Territory. 23. [|Battle of New Orleans]- Andrew Jackson led 7,500 troops to fight against the British and easily defeated them, turning the tide of the War of 1812. [|Listen to the Battle of New Orleans song!]=== ===24. [|Treaty of Ghent]- Signed in 1814 which officially ended the war and restored all conquered territory. 25. [|Hartford Convention]- **A group of Federalists met and decided to ask for a constitutional amendment which would limit the powers of Congress and the southern states.==**===

Key People: 1. [|Alexander Hamilton]- First Secretary of Treasury under George Washington. [[image:alexander_hamilton.gif]]
2. [|Anthony Wayne]- General at the Battle of the Fallen Timbers.

3. [|John Jay]- Responsible for creating Jay's Treaty.

4. [|Thomas Pinckney]- Negotiated the Pinckney's Treaty in 1795.

5. [|Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord]- Frances foreign minister who sent three agents to portray the demands that France had towards the US. This is what started the XYZ affair.

6. [|Aaron Burr]- Ran for President against Thomas Jefferson and lost due to Alexander Hamilton who convinced many Federalists to vote for Jefferson in the House of Representatives Election. Burr evently killed Hamilton in a duel. 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.medarus.org/NM/NMImages/NM-10-02_Img_Americans/10_02_Alexander_Hamilton/Hamilton-burr-duel.jpg>.]

7. [|John Marshall]- Selected by John Adam's as a //midnight judge//, and chosen to be the Chief Justice of the United States.

8. [|Meriwether Lewis and William Clark]- Led the Lewis and Clark expidition with 45 other explorers to map the new territory gained in the Louisina Purchase. media type="custom" key="336801" "Teachers Travel the Missouri River." __Teacher Tube__. 18 Nov. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007 .

9. [|Sacagawea]- This Indian woman helped the Lewis and Clark expidition by showing the explorers how to live off the land and act as an interpreter to gain supplies at critical moments on the trip.

10. [|William Henry Harrison]- The General who beat the Indians in the Battle of Tippecanoe and Battle of the Thames.

11. [|Dolley Madison]- Wife of James Madison and the first lady who became well known for her gatherings for politicians, diplomats, and the general public.

12. [|Andrew Jackson]- Led the winning battle in the Battle of New Orleans and future president.

Cited Pictures at top:

Constitutional Convention: http://www.historyteacher.net/AHAP/WebQuests/WQ-ConstitutionalConvention/ConstituitonalConventionPtg.jpg

Declaration of Independence: 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/uc06330.jpg>.]

Aaron Burr: 3 Dec. 2007 <[|http://www.medarus.org/NM/NMImages/NM-10-02_Img_Americans/10_02_Alexander_Hamilton/Hamilton-burr-duel.jpg>.]==